Nā ʻano a me nā ʻanuʻu e pale ai i ka hoʻoilina pepa

ʻO ka pepa ka mea lawe nui i ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana, i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana, aia ka mōʻaukala ma o ka pepa e hoʻopaʻa ai, Ma ke ʻano he ʻāina me nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka mōʻaukala, aia nō ko mākou ʻāina i ka nui o ka moʻomeheu pepa. Inā he mea koʻikoʻi ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ko kākou ʻāina, a i ʻole nā ​​hana noʻeau me ka waiwai hoʻonaninani nui e like me ka calligraphy a me ka pena kiʻi, he ʻāpana lākou a pau o kā mākou moʻomeheu ʻuhane. He hōʻailona o ke kumu a me ka naʻauao. Eia naʻe, maʻalahi ka pepa i ka pōʻino, pehea e pale ai a hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola he pilikia pono mākou e alo.

Nā mea e hōʻino ai i ka pepa

Ma mua o ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoilina pepa, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo mua i nā mea e hoʻoweliweli iā ia i mea e kuhikuhi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui e hōʻino ai i ka hoʻoilina pepa.

1.ʻinoʻino nā pepeke. ʻO kēia ka maʻi maʻamau a hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia e hōʻino i ka hoʻoilina pepa. E like me ka hānai ʻana i ka pepa ponoʻī, waiho nā pests i nā hua ma luna o ka pepa a nahu nā ʻōpala i ka pepa, e pōʻino hou ai. Hoʻokuʻu kekahi mau pests i ka lepo kala a hiki i kā lākou mau kupapaʻu ke kumu o nā meaʻai no kekahi mau bacteria, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kiʻi pepa.

2. Mould poino. ʻO ka mea nui o ka pepa he cellulose, a me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka lignin, hemicellulose, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a me nā relics pepa i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ke kāpili pū kekahi i loko o ka starch, hiki i kēia mau mea organik ke lilo i kumu o nā meaʻai no ka bacteria. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola a hoʻomāhuahua ma ka pepa, pēlā e hana ai i ka pōʻino pohō. Eia kekahi, Eia kekahi, aia nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, penicillium, aspergillus, a me sporophor i loaʻa ka hopena luku i nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu pepa.

3.Natural pōʻino pōʻino.

(1) ʻO ka mahana o nā pōʻino, E like me ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana ma ka laulā o 38 ℃ a 98 ℃, Ke piʻi ka 10 ℃, piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka pepa e 1.8 mau manawa.

(2) ʻO ka pōʻino o ka haʻahaʻa, pulu a maloʻo paha ka pepa e pili i ka ikaika mechanical a me ka lōʻihi o ka pepa. ʻO ke kaiapuni haʻahaʻa e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻelemakule o ka pepa, A ʻo ka nui o ka wai e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano mea ʻino.

(3) ʻO ke kukui o ka pōʻino, ke kukui ultraviolet ma luna o ka pepa relics o ka fiber structure he mea nui loa, hiki iā ia ke hana i ka pepa i loko o ka lālā cellulose i haki i nā paʻa, photo-oxidation reaction a photodegradation reaction, ka ikaika o ka emi ʻana, a me ka hopena e hōʻino i nā relics pepa.

(4) ʻO nā pōʻino o ke kinoea ʻino, nā kinoea waikawa ʻenehana a me carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, inā e hoʻopili ʻia e ka pepa pulu e hana i nā hopena kemika, i hiki ai i ka pepa fibers hydrolysis a me ka oxidation, e wikiwiki ana i ka luku ʻana i ka pepa.

Nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoilina pepa

1. Ka wehe ʻana i nā pepeke

(1) hana kino. ʻO nā ʻano hana kino maʻamau ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe wela ke ʻano insecticide, ʻo ia ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaiapuni i kahi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wela no kekahi manawa, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka pepehi ʻana i nā iniseti. He 40°C a hiki i 45°C a i ole -10°C a hiki i 8°C. Eia kekahi, hiki ke pepehi ʻia nā pests ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike oxygen o ke kaiapuni ma o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke kaiapuni me kahi nui o ke kinoea inert a i ʻole ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi mea deaerating e hōʻemi i ka ʻike oxygen, kahi e hoʻopau ai i nā pests ma hope o kekahi manawa.

(2) Nā ʻano hana kemika. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka fumigation, ʻo ia ke ʻano i loko o nā kūlana paʻa, e hoʻohana ana i nā fumigants kemika e komo i loko o ke kino o ka pest i kahi kūlana o nā lālā kinoea ʻona, i hiki ai ke make a make.

2. Ka wehe 'ana i ka pala

(1) Hoʻomāmā. Hoʻoweliweli ʻo Mold i nā mea kiʻi pepa, a me ka wehe ʻana i nā pest, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sterilization i nā ʻano kino a me nā ʻano kemika. ʻO nā ʻano hana kino he cryogenic freezing method, anoxia method, microwave radiation method, r-ray irradiation method. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā lākou ka hemahema o ka ʻoi aku ka ʻenehana, ke kumukūʻai a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻokō i ka hana. ʻO nā ʻano kemika he ʻano fumigation, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka formaldehyde fumigation method, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai, palekana ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka lumi lumi, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe nā pono o nā mea hana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe (ka wela o 20 ℃ a i ʻole, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 70 ℃ a i ʻole).

(2) No ka wehe 'ana i nā wahi popopo. Loaʻa i ka 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, me kahi pulupulu i uhi ʻia i loko o nā stains mold, e lilo i ka hopena potassium permanganate mai ka ʻulaʻula a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula, ma kahi o 15 mau minuke, a laila uhi ʻia me 2% oxalic acid solution, i hoʻololi mālie ʻia nā ʻāpana me ka potassium permanganate mai ka teal i keʻokeʻo. Ke mae ka waihoʻoluʻu kī, holoi koke me ka wai e holoi i nā koena kemika e pale aku i ka pōʻino o nā relics pepa.

3. E hana i kahi kaiapuni hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi

(1) E hoʻomalu i ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa e pono ai ka waihona o nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu pepa: i ka wā hoʻoilo i loko o ka hale e mālama i ka 12 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 25 ℃ i ke kauwela; mālama ʻia ka haʻahaʻa pili ma 50 ℃ ~ 65 ℃. 24 mau hola hoʻololi mahana ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, hoʻololi haʻahaʻa ma mua o 3 ℃ ~ 5 ℃.

(2) Anti-mālamalama. ʻO ke kukui Ultraviolet kahi hopena luku nui ma ka pepa, no laila ka depot i ka mining e hoʻopau i ke kukui ultraviolet i nā kumu kukui like ʻole, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lako kukui ʻoihana me ka ʻole o ka radiation ultraviolet.

(3) Ventilation. Pono e loaʻa i ka hale kūʻai kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā hopena pōʻino o nā kinoea ʻino ma nā relics pepa.