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There are four types of Chinese museums: four types: historical, artistic, scientific and technical, and comprehensive categories. The museum showcase system is mainly composed of three parts: basic display, special display, and temporary exhibition. The "Basis of Chinese Museum" is defined as "museum display" as: "Museum display is based on a certain space, based on cultural relics and specimens, cooperate with cooperation, cooperate with Proper auxiliary exhibits, combined according to a certain theme, sequence and art form, conduct an exhibit group for intuitive education and dissemination information ".
[1] The museum industry is accustomed to referring to long -term stable exhibitions, and the temporary display that is often replaced is called exhibition. Contemporary Museum shows the art industry, and the usual term is called "Zhan Chen". In terms of structure and space division, the museum generally includes the "preface hall", "partition exhibition hall" and "tail hall".
Generally, there are multimedia demonstrations and interactive experience devices in the display space. "Museum display design art, which has its own laws compared to other art categories. It cannot fully develop the development of school in the ideology of art itself.
It is not purely single art, but the result of mutual penetration of various disciplines and forms "[2] From the perspective of design practice, the design of museum showcases mainly reflects the characteristics of professionalism and scientificity, historic and humanistic unity. ; In the exploration of contemporary contemporary museum showcases, it is more inconsistent with the ruins and indoor display. The combination of physical display and virtual reality.
[3] Cultural relics are not only the creation of human culture, but also implied a lot of information research and reflection of many human history development. It is also the main content we are paying today. In addition, the historical and cultural information of the inherent cultural relics of the museum also played a special guidance role in the display.
The Chinese relics of the museum mainly include ancient sites, ancient buildings, grottoes, stone carvings, murals, modern important historical traces and representative buildings, and other non -moving cultural relics , Historically, the important physical, artworks, literatures, manuscripts, books and materials, etc. in various eras can be moved by mobile cultural relics. The exhibition design has built a multi -level historical space and progressive humanistic space through the segmentation and structure of the space.
In the face of history, there are clues and signs of vicissitudes and spacious distances that trace the distant era. Human beings have created culture. Different ethnic groups and different living groups not only generate symbols of common cognition, but also pass different values and moral norms with the help of these symbols.
"Humanities refer to the various cultural phenomena of human society" [4] Humanities also refer to the advanced parts and core parts of culture. As an information channel between the architectural historical relics and the viewer, the design of the architectural historical relics and viewers will make rhythm arrangements at various historical stages through the orderly changes between various symbols, elements, and forms. Including the design of the exhibition Chen, it gives space to a specific cultural meaning.
However, a nation or a regional cultural development process reflected in cultural heritage, this inherent cultural connotation is fundamentally different from the cultural information that the exhibition design and art form finally shows. The design of Zhan Chen includes the choice of cultural orientation, the pastoral life in the exhibition line, and then the large -scale description of the scene with a large narrative climax. This kind of careful arrangement is not only because the subject contains the highest achievement and important information at a specific historical stage, but also contains the historical spirit and cultural charm of a certain node.
Exhibition design puts the humanistic spirit implicitly in the design form through visual creation, so as to reflect the cultural value choice of different theme museums. 1. The characteristics of museum showcases from the overall situation of contemporary exhibition design, due to the lack of theoretical and systematic research on the design of museum showcases, and lack of basic understanding of interdisciplinary knowledge such as archeology and cultural relics protection, the current museum showcases Most of the design are used to use interior design and various commercial exhibitions and exhibition display.
This method not only affects the artistic expression of the museum showcase design, and causes the homogeneity of the design form of the museum exhibition cabinet. Design as a specialized construction of discipline direction. The museum has its unique cultural value and social functions in urban development.
Therefore, the design of the exhibition must reflect the historical and humanistic characteristics of cultural heritage, and the professionalism and science that is consistent with the museum learning. (1) The historic design of historic and humanistic exhibitions is closely related to the cultural heritage of the museum. The cultural heritage is used as a historical relic.
It contains the survival and development process of things itself. "Discussing problems must be analyzed from the survival structure and existence of this place -the historicity of this -start". (2) Museum definition of professional and scientific international internationally is that the 11th International Museum Association meeting held in Copenhagen in 1974, Articles 3 stipulates: "The museum is a non -pursuit of profitability, serving society and social development.
Public permanent institution. It takes the collection, preservation, and research on human and its environmental testimony as its own basic responsibilities in order to exhibit, public in public, provide the opportunity to learn, education, and reward. " Based on.
Because the museum has the function of collecting, collections, display, and research functions of human cultural heritage and physical heritage and research, the museum's exhibition design has the characteristics of large project investment, high technical content, classical and eternal temporary temporary nature of the museum's exhibition design. When Wang Ke talked about the difference between the museum and other buildings: "The precious museum building of the cultural heritage of the museum's functional heritage and other buildings is a very big difference. The museum is actually fighting with nature.
Everything has old, old, sick, and dead, and cultural relics are no exception. They will die and disappear. … For example, the physical safety of the museum, he wants to prevent water, fire prevention, moisture, dust, light prevention, preventing harm, preventing mouse, insects, preventing wind, preventing transformation.
Everything actually requires our architects to use technical means to fight against ". On the one hand, museum showcase designers must fully consider the functional links of the museum's functionality and the protection of cultural relics. The design and implementation process requires the joint cooperation of the museum technicians and related designers; The design team understands the basic laws of cultural relics protection, master the technical indicators such as lighting, security, temperature and humidity related to the exhibition, and the design of the exhibition design that meets the norms and requirements of the museum, and can reflect the theme characteristics of the exhibition design.
In addition, due to the museum, because the museum is the museum The diversity of themes and the professionalism of themes, contains a wide range of discipline knowledge, and many professional fields involved. Therefore, it requires professionals who are engaged in museum showcases. Basic knowledge.
2. The form of museum showcases The museum to obtain lasting vitality in the cultural market is not from the building or the collectible itself, but how to develop the display form [7]. There are many types of contemporary museums and diverse forms.
Architects and artists are constantly expanding the way of expanding the spirit of art. The design is one of the signs of measuring the image and academic level of the museum. The level of history research can also reflect the temperament and appearance of a museum.
(1) Site and interior display combined with traditional museum construction are often separated from cultural relics sites, and contemporary museum construction pays more attention to nature and intuitive, pay attention to the relationship between sites and museum construction, attach importance to the role of sites in the design art of exhibition Chen design art. In the 1980s, I visited and inspected the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang. The soldiers, infantry, and cavalry are listed in a magnificent formation, the ceramic art style is mellowly refined, and all the images are full of infected artistic charm.
This is the first time I feel the shocking power of the site. A few years ago, the trip to the Chengdu Sands Museum was once again infected and shocked by historical relics. The charm of Sands is that we can face the protection and mining of the ruins closely.
The large -scale transparent structure divides different exhibition areas. The barrier -free space design not only enables the audience to directly watch the cultural relics, but also through various types of cultural relics, but also through various types The structure of the vitreous structure is displayed in various areas. More contemporary sites and museums, while displaying ancient civilization while showing the process of archeological mining.
Facing the amazing number of ivory, I felt the grand sacrifice scene of the ancient Shu Kingdom 3000 years ago, showing the huge charm of the site display. The most commonly used way indoor exhibition is to meet the needs of different collections, and tailor the showcases, booths, and frameworks for cultural relics collection. Under the leadership of the interior exhibition, Chen Jianchen, the exhibition of the exhibition space, and the real space and the void form continuously rhythmic indoor exhibition lines to guide the audience to enter the different display space in an orderly manner.
For example: The indoor exhibition of the Sands Museum, from the ecological environment, life scene, religious sacrifice method of people during the cash -cash sand period, etc., gradually led the audience to enter the ancient Shu civilization process and development process. Wait, thousands of various types of cultural relics with exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite shapes make the audience shock and sigh about the great creativity and superb craftsmanship of the ancients.
(2) Combination of physical display and virtual reality The physical display exhibition is the basis of the museum's exhibition. The real object carries unique regional culture and civilization, which contains rich historical information. The physical display is part of the outline of the outline, which implies the timeliness design.
The collections of different historical stages pass the schedule of each display space. climax. The National Museum of China is rich in real objects.
The exhibition design has reviewed more than 1280 packets of precious cultural relics, and reviewed the people of all strata people in all class of Chinese people in the semi -colonial and semi -feudal society abyss since the Opium War in 1840 Striving in the fight, and the explorations of the realization of national rejuvenation. In the exhibition, we can see: Lin Zexu reports to the Qing court to report the memorials of the cigarette sales, the Qing Dynasty, the jade seal of the Qing Dynasty, the first five -star red flag rising from the founding ceremony, the plaque of the Central People's Government, etc. The real display shows the true historical facts, and constantly evokes the audience's memories of history, and every exhibition space on the exhibition line is a careful design of the designer.
Virtual reality, referred to as VR, is translated from the English word "VirtualReality". Virtual reality is a new technology based on computer technology. Interactive things to achieve the perception experience of human vision, hearing, touching sensory and virtual world, so as to produce an immersive feeling.
[8] The nine major planetary planets of the Beijing Astronomical Museum's new museum, through five 3D and 4D experience theater exhibitions, including the moon theater, Jupiter Theater, Saturn Theater, etc., audiences can feel the immersive during the watching process, and The feeling of dynamics, sound, dynamics, temperature and humidity. The sculpture -like planet shape of the Beijing Astronomical Museum, the unpredictable interstellar color, can easily bring people into a mysterious and unknown space world.
Designer, using pictures and video mixing methods to bring the audience to the vast interstellar, strengthen the information transmission effect. This transmission is through the distance between the visual experience space and time, and the feeling of temperature and atmosphere is passed through the color. This complex composed of colors, sounds, shapes, size, orientation is processed into a full hallucinations.
The visual space produces strong popular science, interest and artistic effects. In summary, from the characteristics of the design characteristics of museum showcases, museum showcase design is an emerging professional direction of design disciplines. Based on the research method, the interdisciplinary and cross -professional research fields with disciplines such as computer science and other disciplines.
Scientific and technological progress drives personalized and diversified museum showcases and methods innovation. New technologies such as holographic images, multimedia digital arts, virtual reality are widely used to expand the form and design of the art of the exhibition. The discipline construction of the design brings potential opportunities for the development of the cultural and creative industry.
In the study, we also soberly realized that compared with developed countries in the West, the construction of museums in our country has just started. In terms of the function of the cultural industry, and the symbol of advanced culture, we still have a lot of deficiencies. The rapid development of museum construction in China in the past ten years has brought rare development opportunities to the design of museum showcases.
It has also put forward the requirements of the museum's showcase industry. Therefore, we need to continuously improve the understanding of the museum, strengthen the research on the form of museum showcases and the language of the exhibition, and design the museum showcase as an important way and means for cultural heritage, dissemination and innovation.
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